Laser processing implies the generation of a material function defined by the shape and the
size of the induced structures, being a collective effect of topography, morphology, and …

Irradiating solids with energetic particles is usually thought to introduce disorder, normally
an undesirable phenomenon. But recent experiments on electron or ion irradiation of …

Extending planar two-dimensional structures into the three-dimensional space has become
a general trend in multiple disciplines, including electronics, photonics, plasmonics and …

The fairly recent availability of commercial focused ion beam (FIB) microscopes has led to
rapid development of their applications for materials science. FIB instruments have both …

When collimated beams of low energy ions are used to bombard materials, the surface often
develops a periodic pattern or “ripple” structure. Different types of patterns are observed to …

The capability to organize matter in spontaneous periodic patterns under the action of light is
critical in achieving laser structuring on sub-wavelength scales. Here, the phenomenon of …

Abstract In recent years Ion Beam Sputtering (IBS) has revealed itself as a powerful
technique to induce surface nanopatterns with a large number of potential applications …

Designing complex local properties that seamlessly integrate efficient functions into
processed materials presents a formidable challenge. A promising solution has emerged in …

The formation of periodic patterns on the surfaces of many solid materials undergoing ion-
beam irradiation has long been known. The advent of high resolution characterization …

The topography evolution of Si surfaces during low-energy noble-gas ion-beam erosion (ion
energy⩽ 2000 eV) at room temperature has been studied. Depending on the ion-beam …