Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death for women worldwide. The
heterogeneity of this disease presents a big challenge in its therapeutic management …

Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women, reflecting
profound disease heterogeneity, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Over the last …

Cells have evolved a complex network of biochemical pathways, collectively known as the
DNA damage response (DDR), to prevent detrimental mutations from being passed on to …

Tumor biomarkers, the substances which are produced by tumors or the body's responses to
tumors during tumorigenesis and progression, have been demonstrated to possess critical …

Background Immunotherapy has recently emerged as a treatment strategy which stimulates
the human immune system to kill tumor cells. Tumor immunotherapy is based on immune …

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by the lack of estrogen and
progesterone receptor expression and lacks HER2 overexpression or gene amplification. It …

The therapeutic options for patients with noninvasive or invasive breast cancer are complex
and varied. These NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Breast Cancer include …

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer,
negatively expresses estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and the human epidermal …

Hormone receptor (HR)‐positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐
negative breast cancer is defined by the presence of the estrogen receptor and/or the …

Background The randomized, double-blind OlympiA trial compared 1 year of the oral poly
(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitor, olaparib, to matching placebo as …