The infrastructure essentialities for accurate time and stable frequency distribution are
presented. Our solution is based on sharing fibers for a research and educational network …

Evolution in the field of optical networking in National Research and Education Networks led
to utilization of Alien Wavelengths (AWs) and disaggregated Open Line Systems. Dynamic …

The European National Research and Education Networks have a long tradition of shared
use of resources, in particular, by deploying alien wavelengths (AWs) that disaggregate the …

Encouraged by the emerging disaggregation trend in optical transport networks, operators
are willing to offer flexible and future-proof optical spectrum as a service (OSaaS) instead of …

Currently, individual optical fibers are mostly used for each non-data application, which is
very inefficient and uneconomical. Sharing a single fiber for multiple applications is a …

We achieved simultaneous transmission of both stable optical frequency and precise time
over real field deployed fiber line. The line was originally deployed by two transmission …

We realized a coherent optical fiber link in Italy, with a fiber haul of 642 km. To characterize
the link, we doubled the link to 1284 km, demonstrating a characterization technique based …

Distributed Raman amplification (DRA) is widely exploited for the transmission of
broadband, modulated signals used in data links, but not yet in coherent optical links for …

We present implementation of a pilot bidirectional line IPE-VUGKT for precise time
transmission. Directional non-reciprocities are evaluated together with uncertainties …

We present a preliminary study of bidirectional ultra-stable optical frequency and precise
time transmission over 406 km long path in the telecom-grade fiber optic infrastructure of …