Considerable progress has been made in recent years in the structural and molecular
biology of type IV secretion systems in Gram-negative bacteria. The latest advances have …

Bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are a functionally diverse translocation
superfamily. They consist mainly of two large subfamilies:(i) conjugation systems that …

Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are versatile multiprotein nanomachines spanning the
entire cell envelope in Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria. They play important …

Many bacteria have evolved specialized nanomachines with the remarkable ability to inject
multiple bacterially encoded effector proteins into eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells. Known as …

Bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are a versatile group of nanomachines that can
horizontally transfer DNA through conjugation and deliver effector proteins into a wide range …

Bacteria of the genus Legionella are natural pathogens of amoebae that can cause a severe
pneumonia in humans called Legionnaires' Disease. Human disease results from inhalation …

Conjugation is the process by which bacteria exchange genetic materials in a unidirectional
manner from a donor cell to a recipient cell. The discovery of conjugation signalled the dawn …

Legionella pneumophila survives and replicates inside host cells by secreting~ 300 effectors
through the defective in organelle trafficking (Dot)/intracellular multiplication (Icm) type IVB …

To prevail in the interaction with eukaryotic hosts, many bacterial pathogens use protein
secretion systems to release virulence factors at the host–pathogen interface and/or deliver …

Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are complex machines used by bacteria to deliver
protein and DNA complexes into target host cells,,,–. Conserved ATPases are essential for …