A large body of evidence generated in the last two and a half years addresses the roles of T
cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection and following vaccination. Infection or vaccination induces …

The adaptive immune response is a major determinant of the clinical outcome after SARS-
CoV-2 infection and underpins vaccine efficacy. T cell responses develop early and …

The world continues to contend with successive waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-
19), fueled by the emergence of viral variants. At the same time, persistent, prolonged and …

Immunological memory is the basis of protective immunity provided by vaccines and
previous infections. Immunological memory can develop from multiple branches of the …

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 triggering the COVID-19 pandemic ranks as arguably the
greatest medical emergency of the last century. COVID-19 has highlighted health disparities …

An ancient conflict between hosts and pathogens has driven the innate and adaptive arms of
immunity. Knowledge about this interplay can not only help us identify biological …

The duration and severity of COVID-19 are related to age, comorbidities, and cytokine
synthesis. This study evaluated the impact of these factors on patients with clinical …

The germinal centre (GC) response is critical for the generation of affinity-matured plasma
cells and memory B cells capable of mediating long-term protective immunity …

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly
infectious respiratory virus which is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID …

Summary Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by overproduction
of immune mediators, but the role of interferons (IFNs) of the type I (IFN-I) or type III (IFN-III) …