Background: The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii may cause serious illness in the
immunocompromised. The Toxoplasma gondii seropositive prevalence in pregnant women …

Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous apicomplexan parasite that can infect virtually any warm-
blooded animal. Acquired infection during pregnancy and the placental breach, is at the …

Cytomegalovirus (CMV), a DNA virus that belongs to the Orthoherpesviridae family, infects
40–100% of people. Primary/non-primary CMV infection during pregnancy could cause fetal …

Insults caused by acute infections during the gestational period on fetal development are
known; however, new evidence suggests that chronic infectious diseases can also impact …

Maternal–fetal infectious pathology—notably the TORCH panel (Toxoplasma gondii, rubella,
Cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex viruses)—critically impacts maternal and neonatal …

TORCH infections usually result in mild maternal morbidity, but may cause severe
congenital abnormalities. Therefore, it is important to detect maternal infections, monitor the …

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a zoonotic disease that poses great harm to humans and
animals. So far, no effective T. gondii vaccine has been developed to provide fully protection …

Background: Abortion is a spontaneous loss of pregnancy before 20 weeks. Approximately
42 million pregnancies end in abortion. The maternal infections that are transmissible from …

Oxidative stress (OS) and apoptosis are critical factors in placental development and
function. Their interplay influences trophoblast proliferation, differentiation, and invasion, as …