Sigma-1 receptor (S1R) is a multi-functional, ligand-operated protein situated in
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes and changes in its function and/or expression have …

The σ 1 and σ 2 receptors are enigmatic proteins that have attracted attention for decades
due to the chemical diversity and therapeutic potential of their ligands. However, despite …

The Sigma 1 receptor (Sigmar1) is a ubiquitously expressed multifunctional inter-organelle
signaling chaperone protein playing a diverse role in cellular survival. Recessive mutation in …

The σ1 receptor is a poorly understood membrane protein expressed throughout the human
body. Ligands targeting the σ1 receptor are in clinical trials for treatment of Alzheimer's …

Depression and cognitive disorders are diseases with complex and not-fully understood
etiology. Unfortunately, the COVID-19 pandemic dramatically increased the prevalence of …

Long COVID refers to the lingering symptoms which persist or appear after the acute illness.
The dominant long COVID symptoms in the two years since the pandemic began (2020 …

Dopamine neurotransmission is highly dysregulated by the psychostimulant
methamphetamine, a substrate for the dopamine transporter (DAT). Through interactions …

Misuse and accidental overdoses attributed to stimulants are escalating rapidly. These
stimulants include methamphetamine, cocaine, amphetamine, ecstasy-type drugs, and …

Orexin‐A and orexin‐B, also named hypocretin‐1 and hypocretin‐2, are two hypothalamic
neuropeptides highly conserved across mammalian species. Their effects are mediated by …

Sigma 1 receptor (S1R) is a 223-amino-acid-long transmembrane endoplasmic reticulum
(ER) protein. S1R modulates activity of multiple effector proteins and is a well-established …