As a subfield of machine learning, reinforcement learning (RL) aims at optimizing decision
making by using interaction samples of an agent with its environment and the potentially …

Life is characterized by a myriad of complex dynamic processes allowing organisms to grow,
reproduce, and evolve. Physical approaches for describing systems out of thermodynamic …

A tumor is most dangerous disease of medical science which is a mass or lumps of tissue
that's formed by an accumulation of abnormal cells. A famous fractional tumor-immune …

Immunotherapy, specifically the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors, has
transformed the treatment of cancer, enabling long-term tumour control even in individuals …

With the burgeoning use of immune-based treatments for cancer, never has there been a
greater need to understand the tumour microenvironment within which immune cells …

Cancer, characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of aberrant cells, underscores the
imperative for innovative therapeutic approaches. Immunotherapy has emerged as a pivotal …

The anti-tumor activity of the immune system is increasingly recognized as critical for the
mounting of a prolonged and effective response to cancer growth and invasion, and for …

Multiscale systems biology and systems pharmacology are powerful methodologies that are
playing increasingly important roles in understanding the fundamental mechanisms of …

The advances in genetics and biochemistry that have taken place over the last 10 years led
to significant advances in experimental and clinical immunology. In turn, this has led to the …

Introduction: A defining hallmark of cancer is aberrant cell proliferation. Efforts to understand
the generative properties of cancer cells span all biological scales: from genetic deviations …