This review encompasses the most important advances in liver functions and hepatotoxicity
and analyzes which mechanisms can be studied in vitro. In a complex architecture of nested …

Although they have several important limitations primary human hepatocytes still represent
the in vitro gold standard model for xenobiotic metabolism and toxicity studies. The large use …

Hepatoma cell lines are frequently used as in vitro alternatives to primary human
hepatocytes. Cell lines are characterized by their unlimited life span, stable phenotype, high …

Most human hepatocyte cell lines lack a substantial set of liver-specific functions, especially
major cytochrome P450 (P450)-related enzyme activities, making them unrepresentative of …

Abstract The cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes first attracted interest because of their
relevance to the metabolism of drugs, steroids, and carcinogens. Collectively, the 57 human …

In addition to primary human hepatocytes, hepatoma cell lines, and transfected
nonhepatoma, hepatic cell lines have been used for pharmacological and toxicological …

This review brings you up-to-date with the hepatocyte research on: 1) in vitro–in vivo
correlations of metabolism and clearance; 2) CYP enzyme induction, regulation, and cross …

The liver is the predominant organ in which biotransformation of foreign compounds takes
place, although other organs may also be involved in drug biotransformation. Ideally, an in …

Background: In recent times, herbals or phytomedicines have become very popular due to
their global acceptance as a complementary and alternative remedy. While modern drugs …

Early in vitro toxicity screening might improve the success rate of new chemical entities in
pharmaceutical development. In previous studies, the advantage of cytotoxicity screening …