Living systems operate far from thermodynamic equilibrium. Enzymatic activity can induce
broken detailed balance at the molecular scale. This molecular scale breaking of detailed …

Stochastic thermodynamics as reviewed here systematically provides a framework for
extending the notions of classical thermodynamics such as work, heat and entropy …

Active matter systems are driven out of thermal equilibrium by a lack of generalized Stokes-
Einstein relation between injection and dissipation of energy at the microscopic scale. We …

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations yield a lower bound on entropy production in terms of
the mean and fluctuations of a current. We derive their general form for systems under …

We review the general aspects of the concept of temperature in equilibrium and non-
equilibrium statistical mechanics. Although temperature is an old and well-established …

In the past three decades, the field of stochastic thermodynamics has been formulated and
highly developed. Stochastic thermodynamics extends the framework of thermodynamics …

Moreover, we found that under a sufficiently strong torque in the opposite direction of ATP
hydrolytic rotations, it rotated in the opposite direction, or the ATP synthetic direction, in a …

Many biological functions are executed by molecular machines, which like man-made
motors are powered by chemical energy, released by adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis …

The unique fluctuation–dissipation theorem for equilibrium stands in contrast with the wide
variety of nonequilibrium linear response formulae. Their most traditional approach is' …

Nonequilibrium energetics of single molecule translational motor kinesin was investigated
by measuring heat dissipation from the violation of the fluctuation-response relation of a …