A large scholarship currently holds that before the onset of anthropogenic global warming,
natural climatic changes long provoked subsistence crises and, occasionally, civilizational …

Radiocarbon dating uses the decay of a radioactive isotope of carbon (14C) to measure time
and date objects containing carbon-bearing material. With a half-life of 5,700±30 years …

Volcanic eruptions contribute to climate variability, but quantifying these contributions has
been limited by inconsistencies in the timing of atmospheric volcanic aerosol loading …

Volcanic eruptions have long been studied for their wide range of climatic effects. Although
global-scale climatic impacts following the formation of stratospheric sulfate aerosol are well …

Abstract The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) affects climate and rainfall across the world, and
most severely in nations surrounding the Indian Ocean,,–. The frequency and intensity of …

The spatial context is critical when assessing present-day climate anomalies, attributing
them to potential forcings and making statements regarding their frequency and severity in a …

Explosive volcanism can alter global climate, and hence trigger economic, political and
demographic change,. The climatic impact of the largest volcanic events has been assessed …

Climate field reconstructions from networks of tree-ring proxy data can be used to
characterize regional-scale climate changes, reveal spatial anomaly patterns associated …

Abstract The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is the major source of variability in winter
atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere, with large impacts on temperature …

Tropical East Asia is home to over one billion people and faces massive human impacts
from its rising population and rapid economic growth. It has already lost more than half of its …