In recent years, deep artificial neural networks (including recurrent ones) have won
numerous contests in pattern recognition and machine learning. This historical survey …

In this review, we are pitting two theories against each other: the more accepted theory, the
number sense theory, suggesting that a sense of number is innate and non-symbolic …

Theory of mind (ToM), or the ability to impute unobservable mental states to others, is central
to human social interactions, communication, empathy, self-consciousness, and morality …

Eleven large language models (LLMs) were assessed using 40 bespoke false-belief tasks,
considered a gold standard in testing theory of mind (ToM) in humans. Each task included a …

Brains at rest generate dynamical activity that is highly structured in space and time. We
suggest that spontaneous activity, as in rest or dreaming, underlies top-down dynamics of …

Humans and non-human primates share an elemental quantification system that resides in a
dedicated neural network in the parietal and frontal lobes. In this cortical network,'number …

It is widely accepted that human and nonhuman species possess a specialized system to
process large approximate numerosities. The theory of an evolutionarily ancient …

Abstract Number sense, the ability to decipher quantity, forms the foundation for
mathematical cognition. How number sense emerges with learning is, however, not known …

Humans, including infants, and many other species have a capacity for rapid, nonverbal
estimation of numerosity. However, the mechanisms for number perception are still not clear; …

Time and space are tightly linked in the physical word. Recently, several lines of evidence
have suggested that the mental representation of time might be spatial in nature. For …