Whole blood, as one of the most significant biological fluids, provides critical information for
health management and disease monitoring. Over the past 10 years, advances in …

Conducting polymers (CPs) constitute an important class of organic functional materials.
Their unique physical and electrical properties and being inexpensive, easy to synthesize …

Neurotransmitters are important biochemical molecules that control behavioral and
physiological functions in central and peripheral nervous system. Therefore, the analysis of …

The last fundamental review on this general topic was entitled Dynamic Electrochemistry
and diverted significantly from the earlier series on chemical sensors by Janata in scope and …

Development of DNA biosensors and DNA microarrays has increased tremendously over
the past few years as demonstrated by the large number of scientific publications in this area …

Organic conjugated polymers (conducting polymers) have emerged as potential candidates
for electrochemical sensors. Due to their straightforward preparation methods, unique …

A detail study on different aspects of biomolecule immobilization techniques on conducting
polymers (CP) for applications in biosensors is described. Comparative studies are …

The highly programmable positioning of molecules (biomolecules, nanoparticles,
nanobeads, nanocomposites materials) on surfaces has potential applications in the fields …

Applications of conducting polymers to biosensors have recently aroused much interest.
This is because these molecular electronic materials offer control of different parameters …

Conducting polymers (CPs) are a class of polymeric materials that have attracted
considerable interest because of their unique electronic, chemical and biochemical …