This review paper explores the field of mesoscale to microscale modeling over complex
terrain as it traverses multiple so-called gray zones. In an attempt to bridge the gap between …

Coupling of the earth's surface with the atmosphere is achieved through an exchange of
momentum, energy, and mass in the atmospheric boundary layer. In mountainous terrain …

A massively parallel large-eddy simulation (LES) code for planetary boundary layers (PBLs)
that utilizes pseudospectral differencing in horizontal planes and solves an elliptic pressure …

Emerging application areas such as air pollution in megacities, wind energy, urban security,
and operation of unmanned aerial vehicles have intensified scientific and societal interest in …

This paper assesses the performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model
(WRF) as a tool for multiscale atmospheric simulations. Tests are performed in real and …

A parallel computational method for simulating fluid–structure interaction problems involving
large, geometrically nonlinear deformations of thin shell structures is presented and …

The primary goal of the Second Wind Forecast Improvement Project (WFIP2) is to advance
the state-of-the-art of wind energy forecasting in complex terrain. To achieve this goal, a …

Wind predictions in complex terrain are important for a number of applications. Dynamic
downscaling of numerical weather prediction (NWP) model winds with a high-resolution …

The increasing size of wind turbines, with rotors already spanning more than 150 m
diameter and hub heights above 100 m, requires proper modeling of the atmospheric …

A continuous forcing immersed boundary method (IBM) and a volume penalization method
are investigated to simulate compressible viscous flows past an isothermal or adiabatic solid …