Conservation biological control (CBC) has widely benefited from ecological practices that
enhance both the crop and its surrounding environment. However, use of insecticides …

This review examines the following aspects of resistance to B. thuringiensis (Bt): laboratory
selection, resistance risk assessment, variation among conspecific populations (including …

Integrated pest management (IPM) programs emphasize the combination of tactics, such as
chemical and biological control, to maintain pest populations below economic thresholds …

Conservation biological control emphasizes the preservation and enhancement of natural
enemies and is the cornerstone of all approaches to biological control. This review critically …

The compatibility of biological control agents with pesticides is a central concern in
integrated pest management programs. The most common assessments of compatibility …

Pest resistance to insecticides is a serious worldwide problem. Resistance to one or more
pesticides has been documented in more than 440 insect and mite species, with costs of …

Background Seed-applied neonicotinoids are widely used in agriculture, yet their effects on
non-target species remain incompletely understood. One important group of non-target …

Abstract Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is the primary
pest of soybean, Glycine max L., in the north central region. After more than a decade of …

Synthetic chemicals are extensively used to limit the substantial crop damage induced by
two closely related scale insects, the vine mealybug Planococcus ficus (Signoret) and the …

Third and fourth instar Harmoniaaxyridis Pallas larvae feed directly on corn seedlings;
therefore they may be at risk if the seedlings are chemically treated. Neonicotinoids are …