Cystic fibrosis (CF) is widely known as a disease of the lung, even though it is in truth a
systemic disease, whose symptoms typically manifest in gastrointestinal dysfunction first. CF …

Host immune responses play a pivotal role in defending against influenza viruses. The
activation of various immune components, such as interferon, macrophages, and CD8+ T …

Pneumonia is a highly transmitted disease in children. According to the World Health
Organization (WHO), the most affected regions include South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa …

The main four stages of wound healing are hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and
remodelling. In the inflammation stage, the body rids of pathogens and debris, and prepares …

Anthrax is a potentially fatal infectious zoonotic disease caused by the spore-forming
bacterium Bacillus anthracis. While it is a disease of herbivores which primarily affects …

Viral infection spreads in cell culture or tissue as a reaction–diffusion wave. It is
characterized by three main parameters: virus replication number, R v, which determines …

This study analyzes the fractional order SIRC epidemic model under stochastic fractional
differential equations in the Caputo sense. This article describes Salmonella infection in …

A variety of pulmonary insults can prompt the need for life-saving mechanical ventilation;
however, misuse, prolonged use, or an excessive inflammatory response, can result in …

Despite the benefits of mechanical ventilators, prolonged or misuse of ventilators may lead
to ventilation-associated/ventilation-induced lung injury (VILI). Lung insults, such as …

The immune system is a complex distributed system consisting of cells, which circulate
through the body, communicate and turnover in response to antigenic perturbations. We …