Balanced immunity is pivotal for health and homeostasis. CD4+ helper T (Th) cells are
central to the balance between immune tolerance and immune rejection. Th cells adopt …

Fibrosis is the extensive deposition of fibrous connective tissue, and it is characterized by
the accumulation of collagen and other extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Fibrosis is …

The transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family are a large group of evolutionarily conserved
cytokines whose signalling modulates cell fate decision-making across varying cellular …

Increasing evidence has suggested that T helper 17 (Th17) cells play a central role in the
pathogenesis of ocular immune disease. The association between pathogenic Th17 cells …

Gut immune system homeostasis is crucial to overall host health. Immune disturbance at the
gut level may lead to systemic and distant sites' immune dysfunction. Probiotics and …

Background Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is a key molecule in innate immunity and
activates the lectin complement pathway, which plays an important role in resisting Candida …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients have an unfavorable prognosis and
disappointing treatment outcomes because of late diagnosis, high chemotherapy resistance …

SMAD4 is a typical tumor suppressor in the TGF-β signaling pathway. In human cancers,
SMAD4 is frequently mutated and inactivated. In recent years, the consequences of …

Th17 cells are a lineage of CD4+ T helper cells with Th17-specific transcription factors
RORγt and RoRα. Since its discovery in 2005, research on Th17 has been in rapid progress …

Background Smad4 and p53 mutations are the most common mutations in human colorectal
cancers (CRCs). We evaluated whether and how they are synergistic in intestinal …