Agricultural development, extensive industrialization, and rapid growth of the global
population have inadvertently been accompanied by environmental pollution. Water …

Brine, in the form of seawater, salt lakes and geothermal water, holds massive amounts of
valuable minerals. Among the variety of metallic and non-metallic elements that are …

The demand for LiFePO 4 (LFP)-type batteries have increased remarkably in energy storage
devices due to a longer life span, improved discharge and charge efficiency, and safe …

Over the past few decades, the demand for lithium resources has increased significantly with
the rapid development and extensive application of lithium-ion batteries. Extracting lithium …

Reversible electrochemical processes are a promising technology for energy-efficient water
treatment. Electrochemical desalination is based on the compensation of electric charge by …

Lithium production has become increasingly critical for sustainable development. The
extraction of lithium from aqueous sources, particularly salt-lake brine, has become a trend …

Driven by the electric-vehicle revolution, a sharp increase in lithium (Li) demand as a result
of the need to produce Li-ion batteries is expected in coming years. To enable a sustainable …

Due to the ubiquitous presence of lithium‐ion batteries in portable applications, and their
implementation in the transportation and large‐scale energy sectors, the future cost and …

The electrification of our world is driving a strong increase in demand for lithium. Energy
storage is paramount in electric and hybrid vehicles, in green but intermittent energy …

Rapid developments in the electric industry have promoted an increasing demand for lithium
resources. Lithium in salt lake brines has emerged as the main source for industrial lithium …