Oncogenic activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B
(PKB/AKT), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is a frequent event in …

The autophagic pathway involves the encapsulation of substrates in double-membraned
vesicles, which are subsequently delivered to the lysosome for enzymatic degradation and …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are bioproducts of cellular metabolism. There is a range of
molecules with oxidizing properties known as ROS. Despite those molecules being implied …

Oxidative stress is mainly caused by intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production,
which is highly associated with normal physiological homeostasis and the pathogenesis of …

Mammalian cells use a specialized and complex machinery for the removal of altered
proteins or dysfunctional organelles. Such machinery is part of a mechanism called …

Oxidative stress is defined as “a serious imbalance between the generation of reactive
oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defences in favour of ROS, causing excessive …

Sestrins (Sesns), highly conserved stress-inducible metabolic proteins, are known to protect
organisms against various noxious stimuli including DNA damage, oxidative stress …

The rapid increase in both the lifespan and proportion of older adults is accompanied by the
unprecedented rise in age-associated chronic diseases, including sarcopenia and obesity …

The TP53 tumor suppressor gene is the most frequently altered gene in tumors and an
increasing number of studies highlight that mutant p53 proteins can acquire oncogenic …

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved self-degradation system that recycles cellular
components and damaged organelles, which is critical for the maintenance of cellular …