Phosphorus (P) availability is usually low in soils around the globe. Most soils have a
deficiency of available P; if they are not fertilized, they will not be able to satisfy the P …

Biogeochemical cycling of iron is crucial to many environmental processes, such as ocean
productivity, carbon storage, greenhouse gas emissions and the fate of nutrients, toxic …

Bioleaching of metal sulfides is performed by diverse microorganisms. The dissolution of
metal sulfides occurs via two chemical pathways, either the thiosulfate or the polysulfide …

Biofilms are a form of collective life with emergent properties that confer many advantages
on their inhabitants, and they represent a much higher level of organization than single cells …

Bacterial biofilms are formed by communities that are embedded in a self-produced matrix of
extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Importantly, bacteria in biofilms exhibit a set …

Currently, heavy metal pollution becomes a severe problem whole over the world, and these
toxic metals enter into the environment either by natural phenomena or due to extensive …

Iron is a micronutrient for nearly all life on Earth. It can be used as an electron donor and
electron acceptor by iron-oxidizing and iron-reducing microorganisms and is used in a …

Calcium carbonate represents a large portion of carbon reservoir and is used commercially
for a variety of applications. Microbial carbonate precipitation, a by-product of microbial …

Underground hydrogen storage is a potential way to balance seasonal fluctuations in
energy production from renewable energies. The risks of hydrogen storage in depleted gas …

Molybdenum is an essential trace element for human, animal and plant health and has
played an important part in the evolution of life on earth. Nonetheless, exposure to the …