Atherosclerosis, the formation of fibrofatty lesions in the artery wall, causes much morbidity
and mortality worldwide, including most myocardial infarctions and many strokes, as well as …

Well into the 21st century, we still triage acute myocardial infarction on the basis of the
presence or absence of ST-segment elevation, a century-old technology. Meanwhile, we …

Background. Cross-sectional and follow-up studies on end-stage renal disease patients
showed that arterial calcifications are associated with cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and are …

Membrane vesicles released in the extracellular space are composed of a lipid bilayer
enclosing soluble cytosolic material and nuclear components. Extracellular vesicles include …

with the matrix and with the periodicity of negative charges on collagen. Crystals initially
form octacalcium phosphate [Ca8H2 (PO4) 6· 5H2O], which reorganizes and seeds epitaxial …

Coronary artery calcification is a well-established predictor of future cardiac events;
however, it is not a predictor of unstable plaque. The intimal calcification of the …

While the concept of plaquevulnerability'implies a propensity towards thrombosis, the term
vulnerable was originally intended to provide a morphologic description consistent with …

In the present study, we examined the expression of regulators of bone formation and
osteoclastogenesis in human atherosclerosis because accumulating evidence suggests that …

Background—Arterial calcification is associated with cardiovascular events; however,
mechanisms of calcification in atherosclerosis remain obscure. Methods and Results—We …

Tortuous arteries and veins are commonly observed in humans and animals. While mild
tortuosity is asymptomatic, severe tortuosity can lead to ischemic attack in distal organs …