Background Human exposure to mercury leads to a variety of pathologies involving
numerous organ systems including the immune system. A paucity of epidemiological studies …

Autoimmune diseases result from an interplay of genetic predisposition and factors which
stimulate the onset of disease. Mercury (Hg), a well-established toxicant, is an …

Originally discovered as a T cell-activating molecule, 4-1BB (CD137) is now also recognized
as an activator of non-T cells, thus imparting a new dimension to its potential in vivo effects …

The heavy metal mercury is ubiquitously distributed in the environment resulting in
permanent low‐level exposure in human populations. Mercury can be encountered in three …

The continuing efforts in biomedical research to develop new therapies for cancer are
entering an exciting new phase. Research over the past two to three decades has yielded a …

Introduction: 4-1BB (CD137) is an important T-cell stimulating molecule. The 4-1BB mAb or
its variants have shown remarkable therapeutic activity against autoimmunity, viral …

Regulatory cells, important controllers of immune homeostasis, carry out a multi-pronged
attack by deleting overactive pathogenic immune cells, by supporting anergy, and by …

The deleterious side effects associated with a recent clinical trial with anti-CD28
superagonist Abs have questioned the use of reagents to costimulatory molecules in human …

Although most autoimmune diseases develop without a manifest cause, epidemiological
studies indicate that external factors play an important role in triggering or aggravating …

Previously, we showed that CD11c defines a novel subset of CD8+ T cells whose in vivo
activity is therapeutic for arthritis; however, the mechanisms directing their development …