Hypoxia is prevalent in human tumours and contributes to microenvironments that shape
cancer evolution and adversely affect therapeutic outcomes. Historically, two different …

Lactic acid production has been regarded as a mechanism by which malignant cells escape
immunosurveillance. Recent technological advances in mass spectrometry and the use of …

Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are crucial components of the tumour
microenvironment and play a significant role in tumour development and drug resistance by …

Macrophages are critical mediators of tissue homeostasis, with tumours distorting this
proclivity to stimulate proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis. This had led to an interest …

Immune evasion and altered metabolism, where glucose utilization is diverted to increased
lactic acid production, are two fundamental hallmarks of cancer. Although lactic acid has …

Macrophages phagocytize pathogens to initiate innate immunity and products from the
tumor microenvironment (TME) to mediate tumor immunity. The loss of tumor-associated …

Amino acid metabolism is a critical regulator of the immune response, and its modulating
becomes a promising approach in various forms of immunotherapy. Insufficient …

Lactate accumulation is a hallmark of solid cancers and is linked to the immune suppressive
phenotypes of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. We report herein that interleukin-4 (IL-4) …

Solid tumors are generally characterized by an acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) that
favors cancer progression, therapy resistance and immune evasion. By single-cell RNA …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are some of the most abundant immune cells within
tumors and perform a broad repertoire of functions via diverse phenotypes. On the basis of …