Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that in recent years have received special attention for
their regulatory functions in numerous biological processes. Recent evidence suggests a …

Palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid whose blood concentration is elevated in obese
patients. This causes inflammatory responses, where toll-like receptors (TLR), TLR2 and …

Obesity-induced chronic liver inflammation is a hallmark of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
(NASH)—an aggressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, it remains unclear …

Background & Aims Endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1 (ERN1, also called
IRE1A) is a sensor of the unfolded protein response that is activated in the livers of patients …

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), or, more accurately, metabolic associated fatty
liver disease, accounts for a large proportion of chronic liver disorders worldwide and is …

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease affecting up to 30% of the
general adult population. NAFLD encompasses a histological spectrum ranging from pure …

The sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is produced by sphingosine kinases to
either signal through intracellular targets or to activate a family of specific G-protein-coupled …

Most of the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced by Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus,
Lachnospiraceae, Blautia, Coprococcus, Roseburia, Facealibacterium and Oscillospira …

Abstract Background & Aims Lipotoxicity triggers non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
progression owing to the accumulation of toxic lipids in hepatocytes including saturated fatty …

Neutrophils, the largest innate immune cell population in humans, are the primary
proinflammatory sentinel in the ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) mechanism in orthotopic …