Tourism can be deleterious for wildlife because it triggers behavioral changes in individuals
with cascading effects on populations and communities. Among these behavioral changes …

The decision to flee from an approaching threat represents a trade‐off between the costs
and benefits of flight. In research to date, particular interest has been given to the effects of …

Cues to individuality, and the corresponding capacity for individual-level discrimination, can
allow individually specific investment by conspecifics into offspring, partners, neighbors or …

Maternal deprivation early in life has been shown to disrupt neonates' development.
Nevertheless, separating the young animals from their dams soon after birth remains a …

Like many predatory species, humans have pronounced individual differences in their
interactions with potential prey: some humans pose a lethal threat while others may provide …

Many migratory bird species have begun shifting their wintering grounds closer to their
breeding grounds, shortening their yearly migration distance through a behavior called …

The flock of greylag geese established by Konrad Lorenz in Austria in 1973 has become an
influential model animal system and one of the few worldwide with complete life-history data …

Living in groups has various advantages and disadvantages for group members. We
investigated the fitness consequences of early social connectivity (normalized Freeman …

Early social experiences can affect the development and expression of individual social
behaviour throughout life. In particular, early‐life social deprivations, notably of parental …

A variety of factors are known to affect dominance and aggression in social vertebrates. In
the present study, we used a long-term data set on greylag geese (Anser anser) to …