Climate change is altering the phenology of species across the world, but what are the
consequences of these phenological changes for the demography and population dynamics …

▪ Abstract Quantifying the extent to which seed production is limited by the availability of
pollen has been an area of intensive empirical study over the past few decades. Whereas …

As global surface temperatures rise, global precipitation rates are predicted to increase.
These localised increases in rainfall patterns may significantly affect plant–pollinator …

Plants interact with many visitors who consume a variety of plant tissues. While the
consequences of herbivory to leaves and shoots are well known, the implications of florivory …

Flower opening and closure are traits of a reproductive syndrome, as it allows pollen
removal and/or pollination. Various types of opening can be distinguished such as nocturnal …

Several studies have documented low levels of insect diversity, abundance and activity in
alpine ecosystems around the world,. It has been hypothesized that these factors may limit …

The length of time a flower remains open and functional–floral longevity–governs important
reproductive processes influencing pollination and mating and varies considerably among …

Background Flowers have a species-specific, limited life span with an irreversible
programme of senescence, which is largely independent of environmental factors, unlike …

Understanding how floral traits affect reproduction is key for understanding genetic diversity,
speciation, and trait evolution in the face of global changes and pollinator decline. However …

Ethylene plays an important role in the regulation of senescence in ethylene sensitive
flowers with little or no role in case of ethylene insensitive flowers. Different growth …