Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, progressive disorder typified by occlusion
of the pulmonary arterioles owing to endothelial dysfunction and uncontrolled proliferation of …

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted cytokines that were initially discovered
on the basis of their ability to induce bone. Several decades of research have now …

Background Mutations in the gene encoding the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II
(BMPR2) are the commonest genetic cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disorder with a poor prognosis. Deleterious
variation within components of the transforming growth factor-β pathway, particularly the …

Sotatercept is an activin receptor type IIA-Fc (ActRIIA-Fc) fusion protein that improves
cardiopulmonary function in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) by …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) describes a group of conditions with a common
hemodynamic phenotype of increased pulmonary artery pressure, driven by progressive …

Vascular calcification is associated with atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, and
diabetes, and results from processes resembling endochondral or intramembranous …

Objectives High‐mobility group box‐1 (HMGB1) and aberrant mitochondrial fission
mediated by excessive activation of GTPase dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1) have been …

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted cytokines that control the fate and
function of many different cell types. They exert their cellular responses via heteromeric …

It is well established that control of vascular morphogenesis and homeostasis is regulated
by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Delta-like 4 …