Abstract Within the Phylum Echinodermata, the class Asteroidea, commonly known as
starfish and sea stars, encompasses a large number of benthos inhabiting genera and …

Chemical cues that evoke anti-predator developmental changes have received
considerable attention, but it is not known to what extent prey use information from the smell …

In recent years, it has been argued that the effect of predator fear exacts a greater
demographic toll on prey populations than the direct killing of prey. However, efforts to …

The role of plasticity in sha** adaptations is important to understanding the expression of
traits within individuals and the evolution of populations. With increasing human impacts on …

Recent studies suggest that direct mortality and physiological effects caused by pollutants
are major contributing factors to global amphibian decline. However, even sublethal …

In order to make adequate projections on the consequences of climate change stressors on
marine organisms, it is important to know how impacts of these stressors are affected by the …

Early life experiences can have latent effects, which could manifest at a later stage of life
history. Though the carryover effects of predation on the behaviour of prey are well-known …

Organisms are exposed to multiple environmental factors simultaneously to which they often
respond behaviorally, morphologically and/or physiologically. Amphibian larvae are quite …

Inducible defences are ubiquitous in the animal kingdom, but little is known about facultative
changes in chemical defences in response to predators, especially so in vertebrates. 2. We …

Invasive alien species (IAS) are major drivers of global biodiversity loss, and the poorly
regulated international pet trade is a source of emerging and future invaders. Predictions of …