We review the discovery, characterization, and evolving use of the N400, an event-related
brain potential response linked to meaning processing. We describe the elicitation of N400s …

In this Review, I propose a multiple-network view for the neurobiological basis of distinctly
human language skills. A much more complex picture of interacting brain areas emerges …

A landmark account of the neurobiological basis of language—arguing that species-specific
brain differences may be at the root of the human capacity for language. Language makes …

Gestures and speech interact. They are linked in language production and perception, with
their interaction contributing to felicitous communication. The multifaceted nature of these …

Iconicity, a resemblance between properties of linguistic form (both in spoken and signed
languages) and meaning, has traditionally been considered to be a marginal, irrelevant …

Do the gestures that speakers produce while talking significantly benefit listeners'
comprehension of the message? This question has been the topic of many research studies …

Gesture and speech are assumed to form an integrated system during language production.
Based on this view, we propose the integrated-systems hypothesis, which explains two ways …

How do we understand what others are trying to say? The answer cannot be found in
language alone. Words are linked to hand gestures and other visible phenomena to create …

Recent research has shown that people's actions can influence how they think. A separate
body of research has shown that the gestures people produce when they speak can also …

Recent research in psychology and neuroscience has demonstrated that co-speech
gestures are semantically integrated with speech during language comprehension and …