Caspases are proteolytic enzymes that belong to the cysteine protease family and play a
crucial role in homeostasis and programmed cell death. Caspases have been broadly …

For over three decades, a mainstay and goal of clinical oncology has been the development
of therapies promoting the effective elimination of cancer cells by apoptosis. This …

Even among genetically identical cancer cells, resistance to therapy frequently emerges
from a small subset of those cells,,,,,–. Molecular differences in rare individual cells in the …

MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathways regulate a variety of biological
processes through multiple cellular mechanisms. In most of these processes, such as …

Cell death was once believed to be the result of one of two distinct processes, apoptosis
(also known as programmed cell death) or necrosis (uncontrolled cell death); in recent …

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) can induce apoptosis
in a wide variety of cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo, importantly without killing any …

Combination chemotherapy can cure certain leukemias and lymphomas, but most solid
cancers are only curable at early stages. We review quantitative principles that explain the …

Therapies that target signalling molecules that are mutated in cancers can often have
substantial short-term effects, but the emergence of resistant cancer cells is a major barrier …

Active cell death, in its many forms, is a fundamental biological process. Studies over the
past several decades have explored the functions and consequences of cellular demise and …

High-throughput chemical screens typically use coarse assays such as cell survival, limiting
what can be learned about mechanisms of action, off-target effects, and heterogeneous …