RNAs fold into 3D structures that range from simple helical elements to complex tertiary
structures and quaternary ribonucleoprotein assemblies. The functions of many regulatory …

Understanding the rules of life is one of the most important scientific endeavours and has
revolutionised both biology and biotechnology. Remarkable advances in observation …

The target DNA specificity of the CRISPR-associated genome editor nuclease Cas9 is
determined by complementarity to a 20-nucleotide segment in its guide RNA. However …

Biomolecules are in constant motion. To understand how they function, and why
malfunctions can cause disease, it is necessary to describe their three-dimensional …

One of the most important topics in molecular biology is the genetic stability of DNA. One
threat to this stability is proton transfer along the hydrogen bonds of DNA that could lead to …

Biological molecules are often highly dynamic, and this flexibility can be critical for function.
The large range of sampled timescales and the fact that many of the conformers that are …

Proton transfer involving site-specific hydrogen-bonding interactions is one of the most
fundamental and important reactions in chemistry and biology. Deliberately triggering this …

Highlights•Sparsely populated protein states can play significant biological roles.•NMR
spectroscopy can structurally and dynamically characterize 'invisible'protein states.•We …

Accurate replication of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) by DNA polymerase γ (Polγ) is essential
for maintaining cellular energy supplies, metabolism, and cell cycle control. To illustrate the …

Proton transfer along the hydrogen bonds of DNA can lead to the creation of short-lived, but
biologically relevant point mutations that can further lead to gene mutation and, potentially …