Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a particular entity of head neck cancer that is generally
regarded as a genetic disease with diverse intertumor and intratumor heterogeneity. This …

Many effective drugs for metastatic and/or advanced-stage cancers have been developed
over the past decade, although the evolution of resistance remains the major barrier to …

Despite extraordinary efforts to profile cancer genomes, interpreting the vast amount of
genomic data in the light of cancer evolution remains challenging. Here we demonstrate that …

What happens in early, still undetectable human malignancies is unknown because direct
observations are impractical. Here we present and validate a'Big Bang'model, whereby …

Adaptive therapy is a dynamic cancer treatment protocol that updates (or 'adapts') treatment
decisions in anticipation of evolving tumor dynamics. This broad term encompasses many …

Our understanding of cancer is being transformed by exploring clonal diversity, drug
resistance, and causation within an evolutionary framework. The therapeutic resilience of …

The genetic and phenotypic diversity of cells within tumors is a major obstacle for cancer
treatment. Because of the stochastic nature of genetic alterations, this intratumoral …

A new ecologically inspired paradigm in cancer treatment known as “adaptive therapy”
capitalizes on competitive interactions between drug-sensitive and drug-resistant subclones …

The ability to predict the future behavior of an individual cancer is crucial for precision
cancer medicine. The discovery of extensive intratumor heterogeneity and ongoing clonal …

Histopathologic knowledge that extensive heterogeneity exists between and within tumors
has been confirmed and deepened recently by molecular studies. However, the impact of …