Differential gene expression mechanisms ensure cellular differentiation and plasticity to
shape ontogenetic and phylogenetic diversity of cell types. A key regulator of differential …

The regulated transcription of genes determines cell identity and function. Recent structural
studies have elucidated mechanisms that govern the regulation of transcription by RNA …

Precise patterns of gene expression in metazoans are controlled by three classes of
regulatory elements: promoters, enhancers and boundary elements. During differentiation …

The synthesis of pre-mRNA by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) involves the formation of a
transcription initiation complex, and a transition to an elongation complex,,–. The large …

Abstract RNA polymerase II (Pol II) core promoters are specialized DNA sequences at
transcription start sites of protein-coding and non-coding genes that support the assembly of …

The eukaryotic transcription apparatus synthesizes a staggering diversity of RNA molecules.
The labour of nuclear gene transcription is, therefore, divided among multiple DNA …

The dynamic regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is an
integral part of the implementation of gene expression programmes during development. In …

Abstract RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcribes all protein-coding genes and many
noncoding RNAs in eukaryotic genomes. Although Pol II is a complex, 12-subunit enzyme, it …

The packaging of DNA into strings of nucleosomes is one of the features that allows
eukaryotic cells to tightly regulate gene expression. The ordered disassembly of …

Recent advances in sequencing techniques that measure nascent transcripts and that
reveal the positioning of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) have shown that the pausing of Pol II in …