Currently major efforts are underway toward refining the horizontal resolution (or grid
spacing) of climate models to about 1 km, using both global and regional climate models …

This review paper explores the field of mesoscale to microscale modeling over complex
terrain as it traverses multiple so-called gray zones. In an attempt to bridge the gap between …

The “gray zone” of convection is defined as the range of horizontal grid-space resolutions at
which convective processes are partially but not fully resolved explicitly by the model …

Basic climate statistics, such as water and energy budgets, location and width of the
Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), trimodal tropical cloud distribution, position of the …

We present an analysis of extreme precipitation events in convection-resolving climate
simulations. The simulations are performed with the COSMO-CLM model at 2.2 km …

We present a roadmap towards exascale computing based on true application performance
goals. It is based on two state-of-the art European numerical weather prediction models (IFS …

Generations of climate models exhibit biases in their representation of North Atlantic storm
tracks, which tend to be too far near the equator and too zonal. Additionally, models have …

Estimating future short-duration extreme precipitation in mountainous regions is
fundamental for risk management. High-resolution convection-permitting models (CPMs) …

Although crucial for the Earth's climate, clouds are poorly represented in current climate
models, which operate at too coarse grid resolutions and rely on convection …

Diurnal mountain winds precondition the environment for deep moist convection through
horizontal and vertical transport of heat and moisture. They also play a key role in …