Cellular immune responses consist of innate and adaptive cell-mediated immune
mechanisms, where all leukocyte subpopulations are included. Among these are vital …

What is known about the biological activity of fish cytokines is reviewed. Most of the
functional studies performed to date have been in teleost fish, and have focused on the …

It is well known that healthy gut microbiota is essential to promote host health and well‐
being. The intestinal microbiota of endothermic animals as well as fish are classified as …

The basal position of fish in vertebrate phylogeny makes them very attractive for genomic
and functional comparative immunity studies. Adaptive immunity arose early in vertebrate …

Cytokines, produced at the site of entry of a pathogen, drive inflammatory signals that
regulate the capacity of resident and newly arrived phagocytes to destroy the invading …

The decline in the fisheries of traditional marine species has been an incentive for the
diversification of today's aquaculture sector into the intensive rearing of many finfish species …

Fish, as the first vertebrate group appearing in evolution after adaptive radiation during the
Devonic period, still represent the most successful and diverse group of vertebrates. This …

Innate immune mechanisms act as a first line of defence against infection. Inflammation
typifies an innate immune response, and is seen when the epithelial barriers are breached …

When looking for a book on fish toxicology, you might find one that discusses the
biochemical and molecular aspects, or one that focuses aquatic toxicology in general. You …

Overcrowding conditions and temperatures shifts regularly manifest in large-scale infections
of farmed fish, resulting in economic losses for the global aquaculture industries. Increased …