Hormones regulate homeostasis by communicating through the bloodstream to the body's
organs, including the brain. As homeostatic regulators of brain function, some hormones …

Background and Purpose—Traditionally, cell death after cerebral ischemia was considered
to be exclusively necrotic in nature, but research over the past decade has revealed that …

During the past decade there has been a substantial advance in our understanding of
estrogen signaling both from a clinical as well as a preclinical perspective. Estrogen …

The classic view of estrogen actions in the brain was confined to regulation of ovulation and
reproductive behavior in the female of all mamamalian species studied, including humans …

Emerging data indicate that progesterone has multiple non-reproductive functions in the
central nervous system to regulate cognition, mood, inflammation, mitochondrial function …

The adaptive responses of the body that maintain homeostasis in response to stressors can
be called “allostasis”, meaning “achieving stability through change”. Mediators produced by …

Estrogen is an important hormone signal that regulates multiple tissues and functions in the
body. This review focuses on the neurotrophic and neuroprotective actions of estrogen in the …

In recent years there has been a growing body of clinical and laboratory evidence
demonstrating the neuroprotective effects of estrogen and progesterone after traumatic brain …

Risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with age-related loss of sex steroid
hormones in both women and men. In post-menopausal women, the precipitous depletion of …

This review highlights recent evidence from clinical and basic science studies supporting a
role for estrogen in neuroprotection. Accumulated clinical evidence suggests that estrogen …