Since reports published in 2015 and 2016 identified 15 probable exposure–outcome
associations, there has been an increase in studies in humans of exposure to endocrine …

Abstract The Endocrine Society's first Scientific Statement in 2009 provided a wake-up call to
the scientific community about how environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) …

The global rate of human male infertility is rising at an alarming rate owing to environmental
and lifestyle changes. Phthalates are the most hazardous chemical additives in plastics and …

The production of plastic products, which requires phthalate plasticizers, has resulted in the
problems for human health, especially that of reproductive health. Phthalate exposure can …

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous compounds that have been known
for their ability to interfere with the action of hormones and affect endocrine pathways …

Every year millions of tons of plastic are produced around the world and humans are
increasingly exposed to them. This constant exposure to plastics has raised some concerns …

Phthalates are esters of phthalic acid which are used in cosmetics and other daily personal
care products. They are also used in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics to increase durability …

The global birth rate has recently shown a decreasing trend, and exposure to environmental
pollutants has been identified as a potential factor affecting female reproductive health …

Phthalates are associated with a variety of health outcomes, but sources that may be
targeted for exposure reduction messaging remain elusive. Diet is considered a significant …

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review exposure assessment issues that need to be
addressed in designing and interpreting epidemiology studies of phthalates, a class of …