Cognitive neuroscience has highlighted the cerebral cortex while often overlooking
subcortical structures. This cortical proclivity is found in basic and translational research on …

A significant body of research links individual differences in symbolic numerical abilities,
such as arithmetic, to number sense, the neurobiological system used to approximate and …

Numerical cognition is ubiquitous in the animal kingdom. Domestic chicks are a widely used
developmental model for studying numerical cognition. Soon after hatching, chicks can …

Our conscious experience of the external world is remarkably stable and seamless, despite
the intrinsically discontinuous and noisy nature of sensory information. Serial dependencies …

Although luminance is the main determinant of pupil size, the amplitude of the pupillary light
response is also modulated by stimulus appearance and attention. Here we ask whether …

The ability to represent, discriminate, and perform arithmetic operations on discrete
quantities (numerosities) has been documented in a variety of species of different taxonomic …

The Triple Code Model (TCM) of numerical cognition argues for the existence of three
representational codes for number: Arabic digits, verbal number words, and analog …

Statistical encoding compresses redundant information from multiple items into a single
summary metric (eg, mean). Such statistical representation has been suggested to be …

Subitizing is the fast and accurate enumeration of small sets. Whether attention is necessary
for subitizing remains controversial considering (1) subitizing is claimed to be “pre-attentive” …

Animals' negotiations with the environment frequently involve quantitative assessments.
However, it is largely unknown how different nervous systems can deal with information …