The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a group of gram-positive bacteria capable of converting
carbohydrate substrates into organic acids and producing a wide range of metabolites …

Over the past few decades, with the development of science and technology, the field of
biomedicine has rapidly developed, especially with respect to biomedical materials. Low …

Since the industrial revolution, the rapid growth and development of global industries have
depended largely upon the utilization of coal-derived chemicals, and more recently, the …

Lactic acid is an organic compound produced via fermentation by different microorganisms
that are able to use different carbohydrate sources. Lactic acid bacteria are the main …

Lactic acid (LA) has broad applications in the food, chemical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics
industries. LA production demand rises due to the increasing demand for polylactic acid …

Lactic acid is a naturally occurring organic acid that can be used in a wide variety of
industries, such as the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, chemical, food, and, most recently, the …

Upcoming bio-refineries will be at the heart of the manufacture of future transportation fuels,
chemicals and materials. A narrow number of platform molecules are envisioned to bridge …

Biotransformation of organic wastes into value-added products is gaining interest owing to
waste management issues, exhaustion of fossil fuels and the demand for biodegradable …

Bioabsorbable polymers are considered a suitable alternative to the improvement and
development of numerous applications in medicine. Poly-lactic acid (PLA,) is one of the most …

The concept of biodegradable plastics is of considerable interest with respect to solid waste
accumulation. Greater efforts have been made in develo** degradable biological …