Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an effective treatment for depression but is
limited in that the optimal therapeutic target remains unknown. Early TMS trials lacked a …

Objective To estimate the comparative clinical efficacy and acceptability of non-surgical
brain stimulation for the acute treatment of major depressive episodes in adults. Design …

Objective: To provide expert recommendations for the safe and effective application of
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of major depressive …

Importance Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) interventions have been shown to be
efficacious in several mental disorders, but the optimal dose stimulation parameters for each …

Several techniques and protocols of non-invasive transcranial brain stimulation (NIBS),
including transcranial magnetic and electrical stimuli, have been developed in the past …

We examined the efficacy and acceptability of non-invasive brain stimulation in adult
unipolar and bipolar depression. Randomised sham-controlled trials of transcranial direct …

A group of European experts was commissioned to establish guidelines on the therapeutic
use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) from evidence published up until …

It has been 30 years since the discovery that repeated electrical stimulation of neural
pathways can lead to long-term potentiation in hippocampal slices. With its relevance to …

Importance The placebo effect in depression clinical trials is a substantial factor associated
with failure to establish efficacy of novel and repurposed treatments. However, the …

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in
patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 2 or more prior antidepressant treatment …