The aim of this study is to provide an overview the state-of-the-art elements of text
classification. For this purpose, we first select and investigate the primary and recent studies …

This chapter provides a general introduction to the main subject matter of this work: multiple
instance or multi-instance learning. The two terms are used interchangeably in the literature …

Fine-grained visual classification aims to identify images that belong to multiple
subcategories within the same category. This is a challenging task as there are only subtle …

Cancer detection can be formulated as a binary classification in a machine learning
paradigm. Loss functions are a critical part of almost every machine learning algorithm …

Abstract English expression, language characteristics and usage norms are quite special,
which is quite different from Chinese. This has special requirements for auxiliary teaching …

The online English teaching system has certain requirements for the intelligent scoring
system, and the most difficult stage of intelligent scoring in the English test is to score the …

With the rapid development of computer technology, the amount of information data has
exponentially increased, and the complexity of English text has become more challenging …

Multi-label data widely exist in the real world, and the multi-label learning deals with the
problem in which samples contain many labels. The main task of the multi-label learning is …

With the deepening of people's research on event anaphora, a large number of methods will
be used in the identification and resolution of event anaphora. Although there has been …

Abstract English part-of-speech intelligent recognition is the scientific and technological
basis for the development of intelligent speech systems. The difficulty in the current English …