Stress resilience is the phenomenon that some people maintain their mental health despite
exposure to adversity or show only temporary impairments followed by quick recovery …

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a prevalent and complex neurodevelopmental disorder
which has strong genetic basis. Despite the rapidly rising incidence of autism, little is known …

The central mechanisms underlying pain chronicity remain elusive. Here, we identify a
reciprocal neuronal circuit in mice between the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the …

Compulsion is a cardinal symptom of drug addiction (severe substance use disorder).
However, compulsion is observed in only a small proportion of individuals who repeatedly …

The nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays an important role in regulating multiple behaviors, and
its dysfunction has been linked to many neural disorders. However, the molecular, cellular …

Ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons play a central role in mediating
motivated behaviors, but the circuitry through which they signal positive and negative …

Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic, relapsing disease with a highly multifaceted
pathology that includes (but is not limited to) sensitivity to drug-associated cues, negative …

This article reviews the behavioral neuroscience of extinction, the phenomenon in which a
behavior that has been acquired through Pavlovian or instrumental (operant) learning …

Environmental cues, through Pavlovian learning, become conditioned stimuli that guide
animals toward the acquisition of rewards (for example, food) that are necessary for survival …

Abstract In 2016 the World Health Organization reported 39% of the world's adult population
(over 18 y) was overweight, with western countries such as Australia and the United States …