Engaging in a test over previously studied information can serve as a potent learning event,
a phenomenon referred to as the testing effect. Despite a surge of research in the past …

Learning is usually thought to occur during episodes of studying, whereas retrieval of
information on testing simply serves to assess what was learned. We review research that …

Many students are being left behind by an educational system that some people believe is in
crisis. Improving educational outcomes will require efforts on many fronts, but a central …

Taking a memory test not only assesses what one knows, but also enhances later retention,
a phenomenon known as the testing effect. We studied this effect with educationally relevant …

A powerful way of improving one's memory for material is to be tested on that material. Tests
enhance later retention more than additional study of the material, even when tests are …

The primary goal of instruction should be to facilitate long-term learning—that is, to create
relatively permanent changes in comprehension, understanding, and skills of the types that …

Background Human morphology is a critical component of dental and medical graduate
training. Innovations in basic science teaching methods are needed to keep up with an ever …

The present research investigated whether test-enhanced learning can be used to promote
transfer. More specifically, 4 experiments examined how repeated testing and repeated …

Testing in school is usually done for purposes of assessment, to assign students grades
(from tests in classrooms) or rank them in terms of abilities (in standardized tests). Yet tests …

The development of students' higher order learning is a critical component of education. For
decades, educators and scientists have engaged in an ongoing debate about whether …