Though the distribution of global vegetation can generally be predicted from climate,
grasslands are an exception. C4 grassy biomes cover vast areas that are warm enough and …

Several explanations for the persistence of tree–grass mixtures in savannas have been
advanced thus far. In general, these either concentrate on competition‐based mechanisms …

Savannas are globally important ecosystems of great significance to human economies. In
these biomes, which are characterized by the co-dominance of trees and grasses, woody …

Net primary production (NPP), the difference between CO2 fixed by photosynthesis and CO2
lost to autotrophic respiration, is one of the most important components of the carbon cycle …

Abstract The 'two-layer'and 'pulse-reserve'hypotheses were developed 30 years ago and
continue to serve as the standard for many experiments and modeling studies that examine …

This book offers a concise but comprehensive introduction to desert ecology and adopts a
strong evolutionary focus. As with other titles in the Biology of Habitats Series, the emphasis …

Abstract Walter (Jahrb Wiss Bot 87: 750–860, 1939) proposed a two-layer hypothesis, an
equilibrium explanation for coexistence of savanna trees and grasses. This hypothesis relies …

C4 photosynthesis had a mid‐Tertiary origin that was tied to declining atmospheric CO2, but
C4‐dominated grasslands did not appear until late Tertiary. According to the 'CO2 …

Rapid urbanization leads to fragmentation of landscape and destruction of the ecological
security network. A sound ecological security network promotes connectivity between …

Bush encroachment affects the agricultural productivity and biodiversity of 10–20 million ha
of South Africa. Many people believe that we understand the causes of bush encroachment …