Stress is viewed as a state of real or perceived threat to homeostasis, the management of
which involves the endocrine, nervous, and immune systems. These systems work …

When stimuli from the environment are perceived to be a threat or potential threat then
animals initiate stress responses, with activation of the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis …

In this perspective paper, we emphasize the importance that integrative mechanisms, and
especially the GC (glucocorticoid) stress response, can play in the ability of vertebrates to …

Following the discoveries of telomeres and of their implications in terms of health and
ageing, there has been a growing interest into the study of telomere dynamics in wild …

In vertebrates, stressors such as starvation or predator attacks stimulate the rapid elevation
of circulating glucocorticoid hormones, triggering physiological and behavioral responses …

Consistent expanding urbanization dramatically transforms natural habitats and exposes
organisms to novel environmental challenges, often leading to reduced species richness …

In this paper, we review the relationships that link avian parental behavior, stress (acute or
chronic) and energetic constraints to the secretion of prolactin, the 'parental hormone' …

In order to explain the huge variation in parental behaviour, evolutionary biologists have
traditionally used a cost–benefit approach, which enables them to analyse behavioural traits …

Stress is ubiquitous and thus, not surprisingly, many hypotheses and models have been
created to better study the role stress plays in life. Stress spans fields and is found in the …

Hormones mediate major physiological and behavioural components of the reproductive
phenotype of individuals. To understand basic evolutionary processes in the hormonal …