Background Heat exposure is an important but underappreciated risk factor contributing to
cardiovascular disease. Warming temperatures might therefore pose substantial challenges …

Remote sensing has transformed the monitoring of life on Earth by revealing spatial and
temporal dimensions of biological diversity through structural, compositional and functional …

Soils store more carbon than other terrestrial ecosystems,. How soil organic carbon (SOC)
forms and persists remains uncertain,, which makes it challenging to understand how it will …

Urban environments, regarded as “harbingers” of future global change, may exert positive or
negative impacts on urban vegetation growth. Because of limited ground-based …

Rapidly transitioning the global energy system to renewables is considered necessary to
combat climate change. Current estimates suggest that at least 30 energy transition minerals …

We introduce Version 2 of our widely used 1-km Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps
for historical and future climate conditions. The historical maps (encompassing 1901–1930 …

Uncertainties surrounding tree carbon allocation to growth are a major limitation to
projections of forest carbon sequestration and response to climate change. The prevalence …

Global warming is expected to alter wildfire potential and fire season severity, but the
magnitude and location of change is still unclear. Here, we show that climate largely …

The vast majority of agricultural land undergoes abiotic stress that can significantly reduce
agricultural yields. Understanding the mechanisms of plant defenses against stresses and …

Night-time provides a critical window for slowing or extinguishing fires owing to the lower
temperature and the lower vapour pressure deficit (VPD). However, fire danger is most often …