Plant resource allocation patterns often reveal tradeoffs that favor growth (G) over defense
(D), or vice versa. Ecologists most often explain G–D tradeoffs through principles of …

Costs of defense are central to our understanding of interactions between organisms and
their environment, and defensive phenotypes of plants have long been considered to be …

Biodiversity is defined by trait differences between organisms, and biologists have long
sought to predict associations among ecologically important traits. Why do some traits trade …

Plant secondary compounds (PSCs), also called secondary metabolites, have high chemical
and structural diversity and appear as non-volatile or volatile compounds. These …

The number of published meta‐analyses in plant ecology has increased greatly over the last
two decades. Meta‐analysis has made a significant contribution to the field, allowing review …

This review reports on the processes associated with costs of reproduction, including some
theoretical considerations, definitions and methodological aspects, followed by a list of the …

Several theories have provided a framework for understanding variation in plant defence
against herbivores. Among them, the plant apparency theory and the resource availability …

ABSTRACT Several hypotheses, mainly Optimal Defense (OD), Carbon: Nutrient Balance
(CNB), Growth Rate (GR), and Growth-Differentiation Balance (GDB), have individually …

We consider the role that key structural traits, such as spinescence, pubescence,
sclerophylly and raphides, play in protecting plants from herbivore attack. Despite the …

Induced resistance is now widely accepted as a potent and widespread ecological force
although several pieces of the story remain very poorly known. Theory predicts that induced …