Butterflies display extreme variation in wing shape associated with tremendous ecological
diversity. Disentangling the role of neutral versus adaptive processes in wing shape …

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and the CRISPR-
associated gene Cas9 represent an invaluable system for the precise editing of genes in …

Butterfly wing patterns provide a rich comparative framework to study how morphological
complexity develops and evolves. Here we used CRISPR/Cas9 somatic mutagenesis to test …

The optix gene has been implicated in butterfly wing pattern adaptation by genetic
association, map**, and expression studies. The actual developmental function of this …

Many of the major biological discoveries of the 20th century were made using just six
species: Escherichia coli bacteria, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces …

The nanostructured materials offer various advantages as they provide more flexible space
for ease reconstruction, as their nanosize expands the limits and results in confinement …

As is true of virtually every realm of the biological sciences, our understanding of speciation
is increasingly informed by the genomic revolution of the past decade. Investigators can ask …

Clustered regularly spaced short palindrome repeats (CRISPR) structure family forms the
acquired immune system in bacteria and archaea. Recent advances in CRISPR/Cas …

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcribed elements increasingly recognized for their
roles in regulating gene expression. Thus far, however, we have little understanding of how …

The cuticular skeleton of a butterfly wing scale cell is an exquisitely finely sculpted material
that can contain pigments, produce structural colors, or both. While cuticle rigidity and …