The measurement of pain in animals is surprisingly complex, and remains a critical issue in
veterinary care and biomedical research. Based on the known utility of pain measurement …

Nociception and pain is a large field of both neuroscience and medical research. Over time,
various tests and models were developed in rodents to provide tools for fundamental and …

The primary objective of preclinical pain research is to improve the treatment of pain.
Decades of research using pain-evoked tests has revealed much about mechanisms but …

Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) have been
hypothesized as potentially safer analgesics than traditional opioid drugs. This is based on …

The persistence of increased excitability and spontaneous activity in injured peripheral
neurons is imperative for the development and persistence of many forms of neuropathic …

Chronic pain is a maladaptive neurological disease that remains a major health problem. A
deepening of our knowledge on mechanisms that cause pain is a prerequisite to develo** …

Neuropathic pain can result from injury to, or disease of the nervous system. It is notoriously
difficult to treat. Peripheral nerve injury promotes Schwann cell activation and invasion of …

Intractable neuropathic pain is a frequent consequence of nerve injury or disease. When
peripheral nerves are injured, damaged axons undergo Wallerian degeneration. Schwann …

Pain models in animals have shown low predictivity for analgesic efficacy in humans, and
clinical studies are often very confounded, blurring the evaluation. Human experimental pain …

Globally, over 300 million surgical procedures are performed annually, with pain being one
of the most common post-operative side effects. During the onset of injury, acute pain plays …