The avian brain is functionally lateralized. Different strategies of choice (within and between
modalities) are adopted by each hemisphere. Visual lateralization has been studied most …

Continuous exposure to humans causes wildlife to either habituate or sensitize. Although
increased tolerance may play an important role in coexistence with humans, the …

Urbanization of animal habitats has the potential to affect the natural communication
systems of any species able to survive in the changed environment. Urban animals such as …

Flight initiation distance (FID), the distance at which an organism begins to flee from an
approaching predator or threat, is associated to prey escape decision-making processes …

Natural social communication in animals involves the use of multiple sensory channels but
has traditionally been easier to study one channel at a time. As a consequence we know …

Urban expansion and associated habitat fragmentation are expected to be detrimental to
global biodiversity. Natural habitat that is extensively modified often poses challenges to …

Vigilance allows individuals to escape from predators, but it also reduces time for other
activities which determine fitness, in particular resource acquisition. The principles …

Many animals rely on the acoustic environment for functions spanning mate attraction,
navigation and predator and prey detection. Growing evidence focused on human-altered …

How individuals balance time spent satisfying nutritional needs and time spent being vigilant
to protect against potential predation has received abundant attention from researchers …

Animals generally allocate some time during foraging to detecting predators. We used a
combination of observations and an experiment to examine how vegetation height and …